pinus

Pinus

Vergil probably had two types of pine trees in mind. When he mentioned pine for ships, his readers likely thought of:

pinus

Flora Eur. 4

maritime pine, Bournemouth pine

Pinus pinaster Aiton

Strandkiefer, Igelkiefer, Meerfichte, Meerfuhre, Meerkiefer, Sternkiefer, Seekiefer

pin maritime, pin de Bordeaux, pin à trochets

pino marittimo

G. 2.443

E. 4.38

5.153

9.116

10.206

10.230

Pinus pinaster formed the timbers for the Pisa harbor ships. Its tall branchless trunks make them perfect for ships, hence their usual name. See Giachi, G.; Lazzeri, S.; Lippi, M. Mariottic; Macchioni, N.; Paci, S. 2003. "The wood of 'C' and 'F' Roman ships found in the ancient harbour of Pisa (Tuscany, Italy): the utilisation of different timbers and the probable geographical area which supplied them." Journal of Cultural Heritage 4 (2003) 269-283.

However, the default for pinus in Latin is the umbrella pine, which seems to be the only species with any remains at Pompeii. A source not only of timber but also of tasty pinenuts (pinoli). So I've thrown any pine not specifically maritime in this box. Tiberius and his scholars would have enjoyed arguing about the exact identification of the pine tree that Polyphemus used as a blind man's stick (A. 3.659).

pinus

Flora Eur. 5

umbrella pine, Italian stone pine

Pinus pinea L.

Pinie

pin pignon, pin parasol

pino domestico, pino da pinoli

G. 1.256

2.389

E. 1.38

7.24

7.65