 |
| Scientific |
LATIN |
English |
French |
German |
Italian |
Abies alba |
fir, silver fir |
sapin |
Weissstanne, Edelstanne |
abete bianco, abezzo |
|
Acanthus mollis |
acanthus, bearÕs breeches |
acanthe |
BŠrenklau, Weicher Akanthus |
acanto, brancorsina |
|
Aconitum vulparia |
wolfsbane |
aconit tue-loup |
Gelber Eisenhut, Wolfs-Eisenhut |
aconito giallo, acontia di Lamarck, erba della volpe |
|
Alnus glutinosa |
alder |
aune, aune commun, aune noir |
Schwarzerle, Roterle |
ontano nero, alno |
|
Apium graveolens |
celery |
cŽleri |
Sellerie |
sedano |
|
Arbutus unedo |
arbutus, strawberry tree |
arboussier, faisier en arbe |
Erdbeerbaum, Sandbeere |
corbezzolo, albatro |
|
Aster amelllus |
aster, Michaelmas daisy |
aster, aster amelle, "Ïil de Christ" |
Vergils Aster |
astro, astro di Virigilio, amello |
|
Avena fatua |
avena I |
wild oats, oatgrass, oatstraw |
avron, folle avoine |
Windhafer, Flughafer |
avena selvatica, avena folle |
Avena sativa |
avena II |
oats |
avoine |
Hafer, Saathafer |
avena |
Buxus sempervirens |
box, boxwood |
buis bŽnit |
Buchsbaum |
bosso |
|
Carex acuta |
sedge. graceful sedge, slender tufted sedge |
la”che aigu‘, la”che grle |
Segge, Schlank-Segge |
carice, carice palustre |
|
Castanea sativa |
chestnut |
ch‰taignier, marron |
Kastanie |
castagno |
|
Celtis australis |
lotus I (tree) |
nettle tree, hackberry |
micocoulier de provence |
ZŸrgellbaum |
arcidiavolo, bagolaro (Tuscan), spaccasassi |
Centaurium erythraea |
centaury, fever wort, centre of the sun |
herbe ˆ fivre, centaurŽe |
TausengŸlden-kraut |
caccia febbre |
|
Cerinthe major |
waxflower, honeywort |
mŽlinet |
Wachsblume |
cerinta |
|
Cichorium endivia |
intubum II |
endive, curly endive, frisŽe |
chicorŽe scarole, scarole |
Endivie-Eskariol, Eskariol Endivie, Eskariol, BreitblŠttrige Endivie, GanzblŠttrige Endivie |
scarola, indivia scarola |
Cichorium intybus |
chicory, wild chicory, blue daisy, blue sailors, coffee chicory, coffee weed, common chicory, succory |
barbe de capucin, chicorŽe, chicorŽe ˆ cafŽ, chicorŽe amre, chicorŽe bleue, chicorŽe commune |
Zichorie, Sonnenwedel, Wegwarte, Blaue Distel, Kaffeezichorie, Sonnenkraut, Sonnenwirbel, Wegtritt, WegwŠchter, Wilde Zichorie |
radicchio selvatico, cicoria selvatico |
|
| Cichorium intybus | radicchio |
radicchio |
Radicchio, Roter ChicorŽe, Rote Endivie, Veroneser Radicchio |
radicchio, radicchio di Verona, radicchio di Treviso, etc. |
|
| Cichorium intybus | intubum I c |
Belgian endive |
chicon |
Bleichzichorie, Treibzichorie |
cicoria belga |
Cinnamomum iners |
casia I (bark) |
cinnamon, Chinese cinammon |
cannelier chinois |
wilder Zimt |
cannella cinese |
Cirsium arvense |
creeping thistle, field thistle, Canada thistle |
chardon des champs |
Acker-Kratzdistel |
stoppione |
|
Citrus medica |
citron, etrog |
cŽdrat, cŽdratier, citronnier des juifs |
Zedrate, Zitronatzitrone, Medischer Apfel |
cedro, cedrone |
|
Cornus mas |
cornelian cherry |
cornouiller |
Kornellkirsche |
corniolo |
|
Corylus avellana |
hazelnut, filbert, cobnut |
noisetier |
Haselnuss |
nocciolo |
|
Crocus sativus |
crocus, saffron crocus |
safran |
Safran |
zafferano, croco |
|
Cucumis sativus |
cucumber |
concumbre |
Gurke |
cocomero |
|
Cupressus sempervirens |
cypress, Italian cypress |
cyprs |
Zypresse |
cipresso |
|
Daphne cneorum |
casia II (flower) |
garland flower, rose daphne |
daphnŽ camŽlŽe, thymŽlŽe des Alpes |
Steinršschen, Heidenršschen |
daphne odorosa, cneoro |
staveacre, licebane |
LŸsekraut, Scharfer Rittersporn, Stephanskorn, Stephanskraut |
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Fagus sylvatica |
beech |
fayard, htre |
Buche, Rot-buche |
faggio |
|
Fraxinus excelsior |
ash, European ash |
frne, frne commun |
Esche |
frassino |
|
Fraxinus ornus |
mountain ash, manna ash |
orne, frne ˆ fleures |
Manna-Esche, Blummen-Esche |
orniello |
|
Galium aparine |
goose grass, cleavers, stickywilly, barweed, bedstraw, catchweed, clivers, eriffe, everlasting friendship, goosebill, grip grass, hayriffe, hayruff, hedgeheriff, loveman, mutton chops, robin-run-in-the-Grass, scratweed |
gratteron, gaillet accrochant, herbe collante, trainasse, prend-main |
Kletten-Labkraut, Klebkraut |
attaccamani, attaccaveste, speronella, caglio asprello |
|
Gladiolus italicus |
field gladiolus, Italian gladiolus, corn gladiolus |
gla•eul des moissons, gla•eul d'Italie |
Saat-Siegwurz |
gladiolo dei campi |
|
Hedera helix |
ivy |
lierre |
Efeu |
edera, ellera |
|
Helleborus niger |
black hellebore, Christmas rose |
ellŽbore noir, rose de No‘l |
Christrose, Nieswurz |
rosa di Natale, elleboro nero, fava di lupo |
|
Hordeum vulgare |
barley |
orge |
Gerste |
orzo |
|
Juglans regia |
walnut |
noyer |
Nussbaum |
noce |
|
Juniperus communis |
juniper |
genŽvrier |
Wacholder |
ginepro |
|
Laurus nobilis |
laurier commun |
lauro |
|||
Lens culinaris |
lentils |
lentille |
Linse |
||
Lilium candidum |
lily, white lily, Madonna lily |
lis blanc |
Weisse Lilie |
giglio, giglio di Sant'Antonio |
|
flax, linen |
lin |
Lein, Flachs |
lino |
||
Lolium temulentum |
darnel. tares |
ivraie enivrante, herbe ˆ couteau, herbe d' ivrogne |
Tollgerste, Taumellolch |
loglio, loglio ubriacante |
|
Lupinus alba |
lupine |
lupin |
Lupine, Wolfsbohne, Feigbohne |
lupino, canaiola |
|
Malus domestica |
apple |
pomme, pommier |
Apfel |
mela |
|
marsh plants in general; candidates have included: Carex riparia Cladium mariscus Glyceria fluitans Sagittaria sagittifilia Spartina maritime Typha latifolia |
|||||
Mathiola incana |
viola (white) |
stock, gilliflower |
giroflŽe |
Levkoje, Garten-Levkoje, Summer-Levkoje |
violacciocca |
Medicago arborea |
tree medick, shrub trefoil, moon trefoil |
luzerne arborescente, luzerne en arbre |
Geissklee |
citiso virgiliano, erba medica arborea, ginestrone |
|
Medicago sativa L. subsp. sativa |
alfalfa |
Lucerne |
Luzerne |
erba medica |
|
Melilotus officinalis |
lotus II (herb) |
yellow honey clover, yellow sweet clover |
mŽlilot officinal, mŽlilot jaune |
Gelber Steinklee, Echter Steinklee, Echter Honigklee |
meliloto giallo, meliloto odoroso |
Melissa officinalis |
lemon balm, bee balm, balm mint, cure-all |
mŽlisse, citronelle |
Melisse, Zitronenmelisse, Frauenkraut, Gartenmelisse, Mutterkraut, Herzkraut |
appiastro, cedronella, citraggine |
|
myrtle |
myrte, eau d'ange |
Myrte, Brautmyrte |
mirto |
||
Narcissus poeticus |
narcissus, pheasant's-eye narcissus |
narcisse, narcisse des potes |
Narzisse |
giunchiglia, narciso selvatico |
|
Narcissus serotinus |
narcissus |
narcisse |
SpŠte Narzisse |
narciso autunnale |
|
Olea europaea |
olive |
olivier, olive |
…lbaum, Olive |
olivo |
|
Olea europaea var. oleaster (Hoffmans. & Link) Fiori |
wild olive |
olivier sauvage |
Wilde Olive |
olivastro |
|
Panicum miliaceum |
millet, proso millet, broomcorn millet |
millet commun, millet des oiseaux, mil |
Echte Hirse, Rispenhirse |
miglio, panico coltivato |
|
Papaver somniferum |
opium poppy |
Pavot somnifre, oeillette |
Schlaf-Mohn |
papavero |
|
Phoenix dactylifera |
date palm |
dattier, palmier ˆ dates |
Dattel-palme |
dattero, palma da datteri |
|
Phragmites australis |
reed, common reed |
jonc |
Rohr |
canna selvatica, canna di palude |
|
Picea abies |
Norway spruce, spruce fir, white spruce |
ŽpicŽa, sapin rouge |
Fichte, Rottanne |
abete rosso |
|
Pinus pinaster |
maritime pine, Bournemouth pine |
pin maritime, pin de Bordeaux, pin ˆ trochets |
Strandkiefer, Igelkiefer, Meerfichte, Meerfuhre, Meerkiefer, Sternkiefer, Seekiefer |
pino marittimo |
|
Pinus pinea |
umbrella pine, stone pine |
pin pignon, pin parasol |
Pinie |
pino domestico, pino da pinoli |
|
Platanus orientalis |
plane tree |
platane |
Platane |
platano |
|
Populus alba |
white poplar |
peuplier blanc, yprŽau |
Silberpappel |
pioppo bianco |
|
Prunus cerasus |
sour cherry, wild cherry |
griottier |
Sauerkirsche, Weichsel |
amarasco, amarella, amarena |
|
Prunus domestica |
plum |
prunier, prune |
Pflaume |
pruno, susino, prugnolo |
|
Pteridium aquilinum |
bracken, brake, brake fern, eagle fern, female fern |
fougre impŽriale, grand fougre |
Adlerfarn |
felce aquilina |
|
Pyrus communis |
pear |
poirier, poire |
Birnbaum, Birne |
pero |
|
Quercus ilex |
holm oak, scarlet oak |
ilice, leccio |
|||
Quercus petraea |
sessile oak, chestnut oak, durmast oak |
chne noir, chne rouvre |
Winter Eiche, Stein Eiche |
rovere, quercia vera, eschio |
|
Quercus robur |
oak, English oak |
chne, chne pŽdonculŽ, chne blan, chne rouvre |
Eiche, Sommereiche, Stieleiche |
quercia, rovere, farnia |
|
Rosa spp. |
rose |
rose |
Rose |
rosa |
|
Rosmarinus officinalis |
rosemary |
romarin |
Rosmarin |
rosmarino, ramerino |
|
Rubus ulmifolius |
elm-leaf blackberry |
ronce ˆ feuilles dÕorme |
Brombeerstrauch, Mittelmeer-Brombeere |
rovo comune |
|
Ruscus aculeatus |
butcherÕs broom |
fragon, fragon picant, houx-frelon, petit houx |
MŠusedron |
pugnitopo piccasorci, asparago pazzo, erba cocca, linguetta, scacciaragni, piscialetto, brusco, frascina |
|
Salix alba |
willow, white willow |
saule blanc |
Silberweide |
salice bianco, salice commune, salicastro |
|
Salix vimialis |
osier |
saule des vanniers |
Korb-Weide |
salice da vimini, vimine |
|
Satureja montana |
winter savory |
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summer savory |
|||||
Sorbus aucuparia |
sorbier des oiseleurs, arbre ˆ grives, arbre aux grives, poirier des oiseaux |
sorbo selvatico, sorbo degli uccellatori, sorrestella, tremolina, selvostriello di montagna |
|||
Spartium junceum |
broom, Spanish broom, weaver's broom, dyer's broom |
gent d'Espagne |
Pfriemenginster, Pfriemenstrauch, Spanischer Ginster, Binsenginster |
genistra |
|
Taxus baccata |
yew |
if |
|||
Thymus serpyllum |
mother of thyme, wild thyme, creeping thyme |
serpolet, thym sauvage |
Quendel, Sand-Thymian, Feld-Thymian, Marienbettstroh |
timo serpillo |
|
thyme |
thym |
timo |
|||
Tilia cordata Miller |
small-leaved lime, linden |
tilleul ˆ petites feuilles |
Winterlinde |
tiglio selvatico |
|
Tilia x vulgaris (T. cordata x T. platyphyllos ; T. europaea auct.) |
(common) lime, lime flower tree, linden |
tilleul de Hollande |
Gemeine Linde |
tiglio |
|
Tilia platyphyllos |
large-leaved lime, linden |
tilleul ˆ grandes feuilles |
Sommerlinde |
tiglio nostrale |
|
Maltese cross, puncture vine, caltrop, cat's head, devil's-thorn, devil's-weed, goathead |
croix de Malte, escarbot, corniche, saligot, tribule terrestre |
tribolo comune, baciapiedi |
|||
Triticum turgidum cultivar dicoccum |
emmer wheat |
amidonnier, emmer |
Emmer |
farro |
|
Triticum turgidum L. cultivar durum |
hard wheat, winter wheat, durum wheat, pasta flour |
blŽ dur |
grano duro, frumento duro |
||
Ulmus minor (around Pompeii), Ulnus glabra |
smooth-leafed elm |
||||
Urginea maritima |
sea squill, white squill, sea onion |
urginŽe maritime, scille maritime, jacinthe de mer, scille mort-aux-rats, oignon marin |
Meerzwiebel, Weisse Meerzwiebel |
urginea, scilla bianca, cipolla marina, ornitogalo marino |
|
Veratrum album |
also called veratrum (not in Vergil) |
white hellebore, false white helleborine |
ellŽbore blanc, varaire blanc |
Weisser Germer |
veratro comune, veratro bianco, elabro, elleboro bianco, velatro, giglio verde |
Vicia faba |
bean, broad bean, fava bean, Windor bean, horse bean, field bean |
fve |
Feld-, Acker-, Sau-, Pferde-, Puffbohne |
fava |
|
Vicia sativa |
vetch, garden vetch |
||||
Vigna ungiculata |
black-eyed pea, cowpea, field pea, yard long bean |
dolique ˆ oeil noir, pois ˆ oeil noir, pois ˆ vache, dolique de Chine |
Kuherbse, Augenbohne, Langbohne |
fagiolino dellÕocchio nero |
|
Viola odorata |
viola (dark) |
violet, sweet violet |
violette odorante |
Veilchen, MŠrzveilchen |
violetta, viola mammola |
Viscum album |
mistletoe |
gui |
Mistel, Laubholz-Mistel |
vischio comune, vischio bianco |
|
Vitis vinifera |
grapevine |
vigne ˆ vin |
Weinstock, Rebe, Rebstock, Weinrebe |
vite da vino, vite coltivata, vite comune |
|
grape |
raisin, cépage (for the grape variety) |
Weintraube, Weinbeere |
uva |
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