Greek, Roman and Byzantine Pottery at Ilion (Troia):
Roman-Period Cooking Vessels
Please note that this is a public draft of work in progress
Roman-period cooking vessels at Ilion, of which only a small selection is presented here, have many parallels with those known in western Asia Minor generally (e.g. ) and with later types published from Didyma (). The catalog begins with Phocaean cookware vessels, which become common in the second half of the first century AD. These are recognized by their relatively pink fabric and golden mica. Their construction is also more careful than that of more regional products, with thinner walls and more sharply formed divisions between rim and wall. Özyiğit (, , ) publishes the evidence for production of these vessels at Phocaea. Two forms of low-dish are common at Ilion in the first through third centuries AD. A baking pan with flaring walls continues late Hellenistic versions of the same. A single handle is occassionally preserved. "Flanged-casseroles" with slightly incurved rims appear in a gritty gray fabric that may well be of local or very regional manufacture. Tekkok () and and Kozal () publish additional examples of Roman-period cooking vessels.
1. Phocaean Cookpot Rim and Handle, upturned rim
P.H. .087. Est. diam. rim near .28 (<1/10 preserved). Th. .004.
K/L16/17.0144:3. Two sherds, rim and handle. The fabric of this vessel is compact with frequent elongated light and rounded dark inclusions. There is occasional gold mica. It is fired orange (2.5YR 6/8) towards the interior surface and browner (7.5YR 6/4) towards the exterior. The exterior surface is gray. Slight ribbing is evident on the extant wall.
Cf. , no 80.
K-L16-17.0144-3
Tekkök, Billur, Susan Wallrodt, Can Yümni Gündem
and Charles Brian Rose. 2001.
“Two Roman Wells in the Lower City of Ilion. Quadrats C29 and w28,” Studia Troica 11: 85-96.
2. Phocaean Cookpot, Flaring Rim (Early Roman)
P.H. .058. Est. diam. rim .22 (1/10 preserved). Th. .003.
K/L16/17.0120:13. Single rim sherd with upper wall. Coarse brown (5YR 4/4) fabric with frequent angular white inclusions. Surface dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) with much thinner slip on lower part of preserved exterior.
For form see no. 80.
K-L16-17.0120-13
Tekkök, Billur, Susan Wallrodt, Can Yümni Gündem
and Charles Brian Rose. 2001.
“Two Roman Wells in the Lower City of Ilion. Quadrats C29 and w28,” Studia Troica 11: 85-96.
3. Phocaean Cookpot, Inverted and Ridged Rim
P.H. .029. Est. diam. rim .145 (1/7 preserved). Th. .002.
K/L16/17.0434:4. Single rim sherd. Dark reddish-brown (2.5YR 5/8) fabric with frequent tiny to small white inclusions and golden mica, some flattened on surface. Interior is plain. Exterior is gray.
For form see no. 84.
K-L16-17.0434-4
Tekkök, Billur, Susan Wallrodt, Can Yümni Gündem
and Charles Brian Rose. 2001.
“Two Roman Wells in the Lower City of Ilion. Quadrats C29 and w28,” Studia Troica 11: 85-96.
4. Phocaean Cookpot, Inverted and Ridged Rim
P.H. .033. Est. diam. rim .15 (1/10 preserved). Th. .0025.
K/L16/17.0434:11. Single rim sherd. The fine reddish brown (near 2.5YR 5/8) fabric has frequent tiny white inclusions and less frequent darker ones, golden mica in fabric on on surface. The surface of this sherd is very worn but where preserved is gray (2/5YR 5/2) everywhere.
Form near no. 84, though slightly more rounded.
K-L16-17.0434-11
Tekkök, Billur, Susan Wallrodt, Can Yümni Gündem
and Charles Brian Rose. 2001.
“Two Roman Wells in the Lower City of Ilion. Quadrats C29 and w28,” Studia Troica 11: 85-96.
5. Phocaean Cookpot
P.H. .03. Est. diam. rim .13 (1/10 preserved). Th. .003.
K/L16/17.0461:18. Single sherd of rim and upper wall. Thickened triangular rim with ridges on outer face. Brown fabric (2.5YR 5/8) with frequent white inclusions and golden mica. Gray exterior surface. Interior same as fabric.
For form see no. 85.
K-L16-17.0461-18
Tekkök, Billur, Susan Wallrodt, Can Yümni Gündem
and Charles Brian Rose. 2001.
“Two Roman Wells in the Lower City of Ilion. Quadrats C29 and w28,” Studia Troica 11: 85-96.
6. Phocaean Baking Pan Rim to Floor (Early Roman)
P.H. .039. Est. diam. rim >.30 (1/8 preserved). Th. .011.
K/L16/17.0461:8. Single rim sherd with floor. Inner surface and fabric red (2.5YR 6/8) where not discolored by heat. Frequent added sand, occasional golden mica (some flattened on surface). Where best preserved the interior floor is well polished, with spiral streaks of particularly well burnished. The smoothness is not to the degree of Pompeian Red-Slip but is obviously purposeful.
K-L16-17.0461-8
7. Phocaean Baking Pan Rim to Floor (Early Roman)
P.H. .035. Est. diam. rim .24 (1/10 preserved).
K/L16/17.0461:24. Single sherd of wall and beginning of floor. Fabric almost black from use, brown (2.5YR 6/8) just under surface of gray exterior; inclusions obscured by discoloration but golden mica flattened on interior surface. Interior wall burned from use. Large vegiform voids on exterior. Exterior gray and unburned.
K-L16-17.0461-24
8. Phocaean Baking Pan Rim to Floor (Early Roman)
Th. .0093.
K/L16/17.0461:25. Single sherd preserving flaring wall. Coarse orange fabric (2.5YR 6/8) with frequent large lime and varied smaller inclusions. Interior surface smoothed. Exterior fired gray. Outer face is distinctly convex, interior only slightly flaring. Top of rim is relatively flat.
K-L16-17.0461-25
9. Baking Pan Rim to Floor (Early Roman)
P.H. .04. Th. .013.
K/L16/17.0427:21. Single rim sherd. Coarse brown (7.5YR 5/4) with many large angular quartz inclusions. Coated interior surface is same color as fabric. Exterior is blackened from use.
Similar form from the Augustan D08 well-deposit ( no. 38).
K-L16-17.0427-21
Hayes, John. 1995.
“An Early Roman Well Group from the Troia Excavations, 1992,” Studia Troica 5: 185-196.
10. Baking Pan Rim to Floor (Early Roman)
P.H. .039. Est. diam. rim .30 (1/10 preserved). Th. .009.
K/L16/17.0427:14. Single rim sherd with small part of floor extant. Coarse light brown (5YR 7/6) with frequent white angular inclusions, added sand, and other darker inclusions. The coated interior surface is the same color as the fabric. The exterior is gray, perhaps from use. The underside is relatively rough in comparison to the walls.
K-L16-17.0427-14
11. Regional Baking Pan Rim to Floor (Early Roman)
P.H. .046. Th. .011.
K/L16/17.0461:33. Single sherd of rim and beginning of floor. Fabric brown from use towards interior of wall, light brown (2.5YR 5/6) near burnt exterior. Frequent large and small, angular and rounded inclusions, predominantly white but darker as well, no mica flattened on surface.
K-L16-17.0461-33
12. Regional Baking Pan Rim to Floor (Early Roman)
P.H. .05. Est. diam. rim .33 (1/6 preserved). Th. .011.
K/L16/17.0114:6. Single sherd with profile. Coarse orange (5YR 6/6 and lighter) fabric with frequent added quartz and other angular inclusions. Surface gray from use. Patches of the fabric are also gray from use. The interior of the pan is smoothed, though not glossy as in Pompeian Red Ware. The exterior and underside are relatively rough. There is .02 metal patch adhering to the interior.
K-L16-17.0114-6
13. Baking Pan Handle (Early Roman)
C29.0011:2. Single sherd, handle.
a
14. Phocaean Flanged-Casserole (Early Roman)
P.H. .06. Est. diam. rim .26. Est. diam. base .22.
C29.0452. Complete. Orangeish buff fabric (between 7.5YR 6/4 and 6/6), with gold and silver mica. Smoothed surface, partially burned. Irregular bottom. Pressed clay around the rim in two parts.
First published as no. 91. From the Hadrianic deposits of the C29 well.
P0475
Tekkök, Billur, Susan Wallrodt, Can Yümni Gündem
and Charles Brian Rose. 2001.
“Two Roman Wells in the Lower City of Ilion. Quadrats C29 and w28,” Studia Troica 11: 85-96.
15. Phocaean Flanged-Casserole Rim to Floor (Early Roman)
P.H. .04. Est. diam. rim .37 (1/10 preserved). Th. .008.
K/L16/17.0132:7. Single rim sherd. Greenish gray (2.5Y 7/2) fabric may be discolored from use. The inclusions range from angular quartz to varied small light and dark bits, with frequent mica.
Similar form at no. 91.
K-L16-17.0114-11
Tekkök, Billur, Susan Wallrodt, Can Yümni Gündem
and Charles Brian Rose. 2001.
“Two Roman Wells in the Lower City of Ilion. Quadrats C29 and w28,” Studia Troica 11: 85-96.
16. Gritty Gray Cookingware Flanged Casserole
P.H. .049. Est. diam. rim .026 (<1/10 preserved). Th. .006.
K/L16/17.0118:16. Single rim sherd to floor. The coarse fabric has a reddish-brown (2.5YR5/6) core that is dark towards the exterior surface and lighter towards the interior. The interior surface is pink (10R 6/6). The outer wall is lightly ridged.
K-L16-17.0118-16
17. Gritty Gray Cookingware Flanged Casserole
P.H. .036. Est. diam. rim .30 (<1/10 preserved). Th. .007.
K/L16/17.0434:15. Single rim sherd, incurved rim. Coarse brown (7.5YR 4/3) fabric with frequent sandy light and dark bits.
K-L16-17.0434-15
18. Gritty Gray Cookingware Flanged Casserole
P.H. .049. Est. diam. rim .30 (1/12 preserved). Th. .0084.
K/L16/17.0100:34. Single rim sherd. Coarse brown (2.5YR 4/4) fabric with frequent, mostly light sand angular inclusions. Surface near black. Light exterior ridging.
K-L16-17.0100-34
19. Gritty Gray Cookingware Flanged Casserole
P.H. .051. Est. diam. rim .30 (1/7 preserved). Th. .0055.
K17.0845:3. Single rim sherd. Brown (5YR 4/6) fabric with occasional large quartz, up to .001, and frequent angular light bits. All preserved surfaces are a uniform dark gray.
K17.0845-3
20. Gritty Gray Cookingware Flanged Casserole
P.H. .06. Est. diam. rim .28 (1/5 preserved). Th. .0067.
K/L16/17.0106:1. Single rim sherd. Coarse fabric with frequent angular quartz/sand inclusion. Greenish-brown core (10YR 5/3), brown layer (5YR 5/6), blackened surfaces.
K-L16-17.0106-1
21. Gritty Gray Cookingware Flanged Casserole
P.H. .029. Est. diam. rim .26 (1/12 preserved). Th. .0057.
M18.0099:13. Fabric black, perhaps from use. Inclusions consist of frequent angular and rounded small light lime and quartz and surrounding tiny bits. Surface is reddish gray (around 5YR 5/2). Incurved lip is distinctly tooled. Exterior lightly ridged.
M18.0099-13
22. Gritty Gray Cookingware Flanged Casserole
P.H. .045. Est. diam. rim .24 (<1/10 preserved). Th. .0073.
K/L16/17.0100:33. Single rim sherd. Coarse brown (2.5YR 4/4) fabric with very frequent, mostly light and reddish sand angular inclusions. Surface near black. Very light exterior ridging.
K-L16-17.0100-33
23. Gritty Gray Cookingware Flanged Casserole
P.H. .068. Est. diam. rim .23 (1/10 preserved). Th. .009.
K17.0777:35. Single rim sherd. Dark brown fabric (5YR 4/4) with frequent large angular and sub-angular quartz, up to .002, inclusions as well as varied other angular bits. Surfaces are near black. Rim is slightly overhanging.
K17.0777-35
24. Gritty Gray Cookingware Flanged Casserole
P.H. .068. Est. diam. rim .22 (1/10 preserved). Th. .009.
M18.0612:1. Single rim sherd. Dark brown fabric (5YR 4/4) with frequent large angular and sub-angular quartz, up to .002, inclusions as well as varied other angular bits. Surfaces are near black. Rim is slightly overhanging.
M18.0612-1
25. Gritty Gray Cookingware Flanged Casserole
P.H. .042. Est. diam. rim .21 (1/10 preserved). Th. .008.
K/L16/17.0417:14. Single sherd preserves <1/10 rim circumference. P.H. .042, est. D. rim near .22, Th. wall .008. Single rim sherd. Coarse brown (7.5YR 4/4) fabric with frequent large angular white chunks and smaller angular light and dark bits. Surface is coated reddish-brown (2.5YR 5/3 and lighter).
K-L16-17.0417-14
26. Gritty Gray Cookingware Flanged Casserole
P.H. .028. Est. diam. rim .18 (1/12 preserved). Th. .004.
M18.0099:9. Single rim sherd. Coarse brown (5YR 5/4) fabric with frequent small light inclusions and frequent varied bits. Surface coated and just darker (5YR 5/3), exterior narrowly ridged.
M18.0099-9
27. Gritty Gray Cookingware Flanged Casserole
P.H. .04. Est. diam. rim .17 (1/8 preserved). Th. .005.
M18.0099:10. Single rim sherd. Coarse fabric is black with a feint reddish brown (5YR 3/3) core, probably from use. Inclusions consist of frequent angular and rounded small light lime and quartz and surrounding tiny bits. Surface is coated black and slip contains mica flattened by turning. Exterior is lightly ridged.
M18.0099-10
